短篇小說論理性和感性視頻
Ⅰ 歸在語言 異在文化 ——關於歐亨利兩篇短篇小說譯文的評析和對比
一. 析歸異之偏愛,求歸異之平衡
歸化與異化的說法最早來源於1813年6月24日德國早期思想家斯萊爾馬赫(Schleiermacher)在柏林皇家科學院所作的題為《論翻譯的方法》的演講,他認為翻譯不是盡可能讓讀者靠攏作者,就是讓作者靠攏讀者。歸化與異化主要包含兩大類,一是語言層面,一是文化層面。然而歸化異化各自傾向於哪個層面,孫致禮教授認為:「翻譯的根本任務是忠實再現原作的思想和風格,而原作的思想和風格都帶有濃厚的異國情調,翻譯中不採用異化的方法,很難完成這一使命。與此同時,為了達到譯文像原作一樣通順的要求,譯者在語言表達中,又不得不作出必要的歸化。」由此可知,在翻譯過程中,異化側重於思想文化的處理,歸化側重於語言表達的處理。然而具體翻譯中,通常同時涉及到文化和語言的處理,因此析歸異之偏愛後,應該求歸化與異化的平衡,歸化異化互為補充。
二. 譯海拾貝:小說《婚》和《沒》的譯本賞析和對比
1. 譯文和譯者簡介
歐亨利小說以其出人意料而又合乎情理的結尾情節設計深受讀者喜愛。本文選取的兩篇小說《婚》和《沒》都體現了歐亨利對小人物的命運的同情和關心,同時也對他們自身的劣根性提出了辛辣的嘲諷和批評,是典型的歐亨利式小說。同時選擇的譯本分別是2010年中國對外翻譯出版社出版的張經浩先生的譯本和2010年人民文學出版社出版的王永年先生的譯本。選擇這兩種譯本的原因有三,第一是這兩種譯本在各大網上書店銷售量大;第二是這兩種譯本各有千秋,但是都能體現語言層面歸化和文化層面異化的雜糅;第三,同是採取歸化策略,張譯本和王譯本在表達方式上有所不同,可以作出比較,各取其長,各補其短。
2. 歸化的具體體現
「欣賞翻譯的藝術就是要看譯者如何利用目標語的語言資源去克服翻譯困難。」漢語特有的語言資源有主要有量詞,疊字和四字格以及古體語。這四種處理方法,實際上是撇開了原語中的詞語和句法轉而迎合目的語的表達方式,盡量照顧目的語讀者的需要,是歸化的處理方法。
從張譯《婚》版本中,我們可以看到歸化的具體表現如下:
量詞:一卷鈔票;一大疊鈔票
疊詞:醉醺醺;
四字格:當之無愧;拚死拼活;笨手笨腳;鬍子拉碴;應接不暇;興師動眾;懷才不遇;不三不四;十有八九;財源滾滾;滑頭滑腦;天衣無縫;絡繹不絕;兩廂情願
古體語:見下文例3
王譯《婚》版本中:
量詞:一幢房子;一條人魚;一張五元鈔票;一支雪茄;一則廣告;一封回信;一卷大額鈔票
疊詞:冷冷地;咕嚕嚕;
四字格:酩酊大醉;游手好閑;唯利是圖;嬉皮涎臉;不可開交;無懈可擊;難分難舍;和盤托出
古體語:見下文例3
下面我們來對上述方法在譯文中的具體運用做簡要分析和對比:
例1:An old friend of mine, Zeke Trotter, had made his wife a widow a year before drinking some dyspepsia cure of the old doctor』s instead of the liniment that he always got boozed up on. (斜體部分為本文作者所加,下同)
張譯:我有位老朋友,叫齊克特羅特。平常他總是灌黃湯灌得醉醺醺,一年前有次沒灌好,吃了老醫生治消化不良的葯,讓老婆成了寡婦。
王譯:我有個老朋友,齊克特羅特,去年喝了一個老醫生的消化葯,而沒有喝那種老是使他酩酊大醉的萬應葯,結果害的老婆當了寡婦。
此處,張譯版本在翻譯」got boozed up」時採用了ABB疊詞處理方法。疊詞能夠增強語言音律美和節奏感,使得譯出的漢語更有表現力,更易使讀者接受。如果此處不使用疊詞,而是直譯為」他總是灌黃湯灌醉」,意思表達依然完整,但是表現力大打折扣。而此處王譯版本將其處理為四字格亦可,表達力也較強。兩種處理辦法均可。
例2:Out of that number something like thirty hundred will expect to give you in exchange, if they should win you, the carcass of a lazy and mercenary loafer, a failure in life, a swindler and contemptible fortune seeker.(206)
張譯:你等著瞧吧,這三千人里有三千零一或者是懶漢,或者是見錢眼開的人,或者是倒霉鬼,騙子,存心不良搞錢財的傢伙。(張經浩,第48頁)
王譯:在那批人中間,假如他們僥幸贏得了你的心,約莫就有三千人准備給你一個游手好閑,唯利是圖的臭皮囊,一個生活的失意人,一個騙子手和可鄙的淘金者作為交換。(王永年,第161頁)
此處張譯本將」thirty hundred」歸化翻譯為漢語中的特有句式」三千人里有三千零一個」,從中可以看出譯者對原文的深刻理解和在表達上的匠心獨運。原文所對應的名詞直譯應該為」三千人」,但是此處譯者加入了自己的理解:就譯者看來,這些居心不良的求婚者不在少數,甚至人人都各懷鬼胎,因此譯者大膽使用漢語特有的誇張句式」三千人里有三千零一個」,使得讀者能充分感受到當時整個社會人們道德水平普遍低下的境況的言外之意,不失為一種歸化的妙譯。反觀王譯本當中直譯成「三千人」就缺乏誇張的效果。並且從句式上看,王譯本對原文幾乎是直接直譯過來,顯得拖沓生硬,而張譯本更符合漢語的表達。因此,該處張譯本採取歸化的方法處理更為恰當。
例3:Would prefer a poor man with affectionate disposition to one with means as she realizes that the solid virtues are oftenest to be found in the humble walks of life.(205)
張譯:念卑賤者往往忠厚,故寧擇貧而情篤者。(張經浩,第47頁)
王譯:……然性情必須溫良,因微賤之人多具美德。(王永年,第159頁到160頁)
此處,兩種譯本都採取歸化的方法將原文翻譯成漢語味道濃郁的偏古體句,巧妙的將英語中的長難句簡化成符合漢語習慣的短句,贏得了漢語讀者的好感。兩種譯本均可,然而張譯本更是運用了對偶句,加強了譯本的文學性和節奏感,因此略勝一籌。
3. 異化的具體體現
翻譯的根本任務是忠實再現原作的思想和風格。然而有時候原作的思想和風格都帶有濃郁的異國色彩,或者說蘊含非常強烈的文化內涵,歸化的譯法無法傳達出其意義,此時就應該採用異化的方法。具體來說是就是直譯和解注文化負載詞。即,特意使用「不地道」的漢語,目的是保留原作的文化內涵。
據統計,張譯《沒》總共有註解11處,其中屬於文化負載詞的註解有6處;王譯《沒》總共有註解10處,其中屬於文化負載詞的註解有5處。以下舉例分析異化的具體表現以及對比:
例4:Dulcie went up to her room—the third floor back in a West Side brownstone-front.
張譯:達爾西走進西區一所正面用褐色石頭建造的房子三樓的一間後房,這兒是她的住房。
王譯:達爾西上樓到她的房間里去——西區一座褐石房屋的三樓後房。
此處,張譯本和王譯本最大的不同在於,張譯本對「褐色石頭建造的房子」加入了註解「19世紀時房子正面用褐色石頭建造表示房主人富有」,歐亨利將一個貧困的女售貨員的住處設計成代表富有的「褐色石頭房子」實際上是一種諷刺,既諷刺了社會貧富差距大,也暗指了女售貨員的虛榮心,她的生活和她幻想中的生活存在極大的落差,就如同褐色房子表面的富有和內在的貧困一樣。因此此處的註解對讀者正確理解原文作者意圖是不可或缺的。張譯使用異化的處理策略十分恰當。
例5:So, we began to insert our advertisement in newspapers covering the country far and wide. One ad was all we used. We couldn』t have used more without hiring so many clerks and marcelled paraphernalia that the sound of the gum chewing would have disturbed the Postmaster-General.(207)
張譯:「我們立即在全國各地報紙登徵婚啟事,只登了一次,多登非應接不暇,鬧得興師動眾,露出馬腳不可。」(張經浩,第49頁)
王譯:我們在全國各地的報紙上刊登了廣告。我們只登一次。事實上也不能多登,不然就得僱用許多辦事員和女秘書,而她們嚼口香糖的聲音可能會驚動郵政總長。(王永年,第162頁)
此處,張譯連用「應接不暇」「興師動眾」「露出馬腳」三個四字短語,優點是其形式簡潔明快,且具有模糊性和概況性,適宜用於處理冗長復雜的英文句子。並且易於被漢語讀者接受。但是此處歐亨利在原文中設計了「辦事員和女秘書嚼口香糖」的情節實際上是一種反諷,諷刺了當時社會行政人員工作態度的怠惰和工作效率的低下,換句話說,此處涉及到特殊的文化內涵。如果略去而是直接用四字短語替代,則不能體現原作者在此處的良苦用心,也沒有做到忠實。因此,該處應該採取異化當中直譯的方法處理。王譯的處理更為恰當。
例6:We no longer groan and heap ashes upon our heads when the flames of Tophet are mentioned.(60)
張譯:如今人們談起地獄的火焰時,不再邊哼呀咳呀邊往頭上倒灰了。(張經浩,第84頁)
王譯:如今人們提到地獄的火焰時,我們不再唉聲嘆氣,把灰塗在自己頭上了。(王永年,第33頁)
此處,在翻譯」heap ashes upon our heads」的時候,張譯和王譯都採取異化的方法,加註解釋「往頭上倒灰」是一種猶太的風俗,悲切懺悔時,身穿麻衣,須發塗灰。這種做法較好地保護了源語文化,同時讓讀者享受到異域特色。
三. 譯語喃喃:歸化異化 相得益彰 歸異同心
通過作者的親身翻譯實踐和對以上譯本的對比分析後發現,歸化多用於處理語言層面,異化多用於處理涉及文化的層面,雖然各有偏愛但是不完全分開,即歸化異化是相得益彰的;歸異同心,這里的心就是指讀者能喜愛和接受的翻譯文本。無論是歸化的策略還是異化策略,不能一味採用一種翻譯策略,而是應該從實際出發,歸異相糅,才能是好的翻譯。
Ⅱ 虐心短篇小說(一部超短篇的虐心小說)
一直以來,我都不喜歡看短篇小說,因為故事情節太短,看不出感覺。
很多故事才剛剛講起,轉瞬之間,就寫到了結局。
看完之後,甚至不清楚小說到底在講些什麼。
所以一般而言,我都是看長篇小說,無論言情也好、玄幻也罷,故事長些看起來才會有意思。
但 《割愛》 卻是一部例外,它雖然是一部短篇言情,但 故事卻非常完整 。
雖然已經過去好多年了,我卻對書中的故事依舊念念不忘!
正值感慨,遂將這部書再次推薦給大家,喜歡的讀者可以看下。
這部書無論脈絡結構、還是文筆文風都很不錯,而且不到一個小時就能全部看完!
以下就跟隨筆者的視野,來看一看這部超短篇的言情小說……
小說開頭,是兵荒馬亂的戰國時期。
男主庄少衾是落魄的道士 。
女主苗苗,是後山裡的小蛇妖。
他們相識於兵荒馬亂的年代,一起走過動盪歲月。
那時候日子艱苦,苗苗飢餓的時候,庄少衾會 摸著她的頭對她說:苗苗乖……
後來,在一個雨夜, 苗苗化身成一個身姿曼妙的女子,與庄少衾稀里糊塗地發生了關系。
庄少衾承諾,以後會帶她去昆侖山,會一輩子陪著她,於是帶她走出了後山。
時光荏苒,滄海橫流,時間一轉眼走過了800年!
800年後,庄少衾成了德高望重的九御真人,創建了自己的宗派。
苗苗成了宗門里的妖獸,守護著宗門……
800年後,所有的一切都發生了翻天覆地的變化,德高望重的九御真人,再也不是當年的那個落魄道士了!
請點擊輸入圖片描述
他心心念念著得道修仙,與苗苗相見的次數越來越短。
在宗門里,他是德高望重的宗主,生氣時會揮起鞭子抽在苗苗身上。
苗苗被宗門弟子調戲,反過來要跪在山門前整整三個月,被烈日灼傷了至化為蛇身。
為了抹掉苗苗不開心的記憶,庄少衾一次又一次地喂她 療愁葯 。
後來,為了得到飛升的靈葯,他強迫苗苗嫁給狼妖。婚禮當天,他才知道對方是為了苗苗身上的千年蛇膽!
庄少衾發了瘋的救苗苗,看到的卻是苗苗奄奄一息的樣子。
都說蛇是沒有眼淚的,可是苗苗卻留下了眼淚。
那一滴淚,穿越了800年的時光,從戰國到大唐,然後緩緩落下……
小說結局,苗苗忘記了一切,又回到了那個小後山,只是此生她再也遇不到800年前的那個落魄道士了。
而自始至終,她都不曾去過昆侖山……
我還很乖,可是我愛的那個人,卻不愛我了……
Ⅲ 莫泊桑歐亨利契科夫的短篇小說各自特點以及風格是什麼
1、莫泊桑
特點:(1)在對人物的描繪上,莫泊桑並不追求色彩濃重的形象、表情誇張的面目、誇張的生平與難以置信的遭遇,而是致力於描寫「處於常態的感情、靈魂和理智的發展」(《論小說》),表現人物內心的真實與本性的自然,通過人物在日常生活中的自然狀態與在一定情勢下必然有的最合情理的行動、舉止、反應、表情,來揭示出其內在心理與性格的真實。
(2)莫泊桑擅長從平凡瑣屑的事物中截取富有典型意義的片斷,以小見大地概括出生活的真實。
風格:現實主義小說藝術。
2、歐亨利
特點:歐·亨利的小說在藝術處理上的最大特點就是它們的「意外結局」,只有到了最後一刻,「謎底」才最終解開,情節的發展似乎明明朝著一個方向在發展,結果卻來個出其不意。這意外的結局一般說來是比較令人寬慰的,即便是悲哀的結局,也常包含著某種光明之處,這就是所謂「帶淚的微笑」,即「歐·亨利式結尾」。
風格:世態人情,並且易有濃郁的美國風味。
3、契科夫
特點:不追求離奇曲折的情節,他描寫平凡的日常生活和人物,從中揭示社會生活的重要方面。在契訶夫的劇作中有豐富的潛台詞和濃郁的抒情味。
風格:現實主義。
契科夫:
(3)短篇小說論理性和感性視頻擴展閱讀:
三人的短篇小說:
1、莫泊桑
《羊脂球》《俊友》《項鏈》《一生》《溫泉》《歸來》《我的叔叔於勒》等。
2、歐亨利
《麥琪的禮物》(一作賢人的禮物)《最後一片葉子》《帶傢具出租的房間》《愛的犧牲》《心與手》《二十年後》等。
《感恩節的先生們》
3、契科夫:
《給博學的鄰居的一封信》《皮靴》《馬姓》《凡卡》《迷路的人》《預謀犯》《未婚夫和爸爸(現代小品)》《客人(一個場景)》《名貴的狗》《紙里包不住火》《哼,這些乘客們!》《普里什別葉夫中士》《獵人》《哀傷》《胖子和瘦子》、《喜事》《在釘子上》《勝利者的得意洋洋》《小公務員之死》《不平的鏡子》等。
Ⅳ 求勞倫斯的短篇小說《馬販子的女兒》全文,中英不限
The Horse Dealer's Daughter
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販馬者的女兒
By DH Lawrence
'Well, Mabel, and what are you going to do with yourself?' asked Joe, with foolish flippancy. He felt quite safe himself. Without listening for an answer, he turned aside, worked a grain of tobacco to the tip of his tongue, and spat it out. He did not care about anything, since he felt safe himself.
「好啦,瑪貝爾,你怎麼打算?」喬的問話愚蠢又刻薄。他感覺良好,等不及回答,他就轉過臉去,吐掉了舌尖上的一絲煙葉。他對一切都無所謂,什麼都不必擔心。
The three brothers and the sister sat round the desolate breakfast table, attempting some sort of desultory consultation. The morning's post had given the final tap to the family fortunes, and all was over. The dreary dining-room itself, with its heavy mahogany furniture, looked as if it were waiting to be done away with.
兄弟三個和妹妹圍坐在黯淡凄涼的早餐桌前,扯著些沒有邊際的話題。早晨的郵件將這個家庭的命運推向了邊緣,再也沒有希望了。陰沉的飯廳以及笨重的桃花心木傢具,似乎在等待著死神的降臨。
But the consultation amounted to nothing. There was a strange air of ineffectuality about the three men, as they sprawled at table, smoking and reflecting vaguely on their own condition. The girl was alone, a rather short, sullen-looking young woman of twenty-seven. She did not share the same life as her brothers. She would have been good-looking, save for the impassive fixity of her face, 'bull-dog', as her brothers called it.
遺憾的是,家庭會議毫無結果。一種挫敗的生疏的氣氛縈繞在這三個男人間,他們懶散的圍坐在餐桌周圍,吃煙,心不在焉的想著各自的處境。屋子裡的姑娘她相當瘦小,臉色陰郁,已是27歲的成年女子。她獨自一人,過著與她兄弟們完全全不同的生活,她本有著姣好的容貌,但由於她臉上一成不變的表情令人望而生畏,「鬥牛犬」,正如她兄弟們叫她的那樣。
There was a confused tramping of horses' feet outside. The three men all sprawled round in their chairs to watch. Beyond the dark holly-bushes that separated the strip of lawn from the highroad, they could see a cavalcade of shire horses swinging out of their own yard, being taken for exercise. This was the last time. These were the last horses that would go through their hands. The young men watched with critical, callous look. They were all frightened at the collapse of their lives, and the sense of disaster in which they were involved left them no inner freedom.
遠遠的,外面傳來模糊的沉重的馬蹄聲,男人們癱坐的椅子里往外張望。越過將狹長的草坪從大路分開的冬青灌木叢,可以看見一大群夏爾馬搖晃著走出馬廄,這是最後一次訓練了,這也是最後一批經手的馬匹了。三個年輕人帶著挑剔冷漠的表情望著這一切,生活的崩塌令他們不知所措,陷進失敗的沼澤的感覺沒有留給他們選擇的自由。
Yet they were three fine, well-set fellows enough. Joe, the eldest, was a man of thirty-three, broad and handsome in a hot, flushed way. His face was red, he twisted his black moustache over a thick finger, his eyes were shallow and restless. He had a sensual way of uncovering his teeth when he laughed, and his bearing was stupid. Now he watched the horses with a glazed look of helplessness in his eyes, a certain stupor of downfall.
但是,兄弟三個關系不錯,手足之情牢不可破。喬,年齡最大,紅臉膛,33歲的他高大魁梧,帥氣,熱烈奔放,易激動。他肥厚的手指擰著他那黑漆漆的髭須,淡藍色的眼睛顯得焦躁不安。當他露齒而笑時顯出他性感的一面,但他的舉止風度卻令人不敢恭維。現在,他為某種幻滅感所攜裹,正凝望著馬隊,他目光呆滯,無能為力。
The great draught-horses swung past. They were tied head to tail, four of them, and they heaved along to where a lane branched off from the highroad, planting their great hoofs floutingly in the fine black mud, swinging their great rounded haunches sumptuously, and trotting a few sudden steps as they were led into the lane, round the corner. Every movement showed a massive, slumbrous strength, and a stupidity which held them in subjection. The groom at the head looked back, jerking the leading rope. And the cavalcade moved out of sight up the lane, the tail of the last horse, bobbed up tight and stiff, held out taut from the swinging great haunches as they rocked behind the hedges in a motionlike sleep.
大隊的役馬過去了。四個一組,從頭到尾被栓在一起,在一條從大路岔開去的小路前,它們停下來無所顧忌地踢踏著腳下細黑的污泥,劇烈地搖晃著它們巨大渾圓的臀部,當它們被趕往拐角處的小路時,又疾走幾步。每一次一動都顯得困難重重,試圖使這些馬匹順從的努力看起來也愚不可及。走在前面的馬夫轉過頭來,猛扯韁繩。不一會功夫,馬隊上了小路,從視線中消失了,突然,最後一匹馬的尾巴翹地老高,僵直緊綳,與那些搖晃著它們那巨大渾圓的臀部的昏昏欲睡的擋在樹籬後的馬隊形成了鮮明的對比。
Joe watched with glazed hopeless eyes. The horses were almost like his own body to him. He felt he was done for now. Luckily he was engaged to a woman as old as himself, and therefore her father, who was steward of a neighbouring estate, would provide him with a job. He would marry and go into harness. His life was over, he would be a subject animal now.
喬無助地,目光呆滯地凝望著。他想像著自己的身體就如同那些馬匹一樣,他覺得自己已經完了。值得慶幸的是,他和一個跟他一般年齡的姑娘訂了婚,姑娘的父親是附近一個農庄的管理者,也許能給他一個工作。他將結婚,受人奴役。人生結束了,從此將過著與受人支配的動物並無二致的生活。
He turned uneasily aside, the retreating steps of the horses echoing in his ears. Then, with foolish restlessness, he reached for the scraps of bacon-rind from the plates, and making a faint whistling sound, flung them to the terrier that lay against the fender. He watched the dog swallow them, and waited till the creature looked into his eyes. Then a faint grin came on his face, and in a high, foolish voice he said:
'You won't get much more bacon, shall you, you little b----?'
The dog faintly and dismally wagged its tail, then lowered his haunches, circled round, and lay down again.
他不安地轉向一邊,可是馬匹退卻的腳步聲仍縈繞於耳際,揮之不去。然後,帶著笨拙有焦躁不安的心情,他伸手去拿碟子里小片的咸豬肉皮,同時發出一聲虛弱的哨音,猛地扔給了靠在壁爐擋板邊的小獵狗。他注視著小獵狗吞下豬肉皮,直至這小傢伙抬頭看他的眼睛。這時,他臉上浮現出一絲笑意,然後以高昂卻笨拙的聲音說:
「沒有了,是吧,你這小----」
小獵狗悶悶地微微搖了搖尾巴,然後垂下狗屁股,將身子蜷成一團,重又躺下了。
The Horse Dealer's Daughter(two)(2008-09-09 17:41:54)標簽:雜談
There was another helpless silence at the table. Joe sprawled uneasily in his seat, not willing to go till the family conclave was dissolved. Fred Henry, the second brother, was erect, clean-limbed, alert. He had watched the passing of the horses with more sang-froid. If he was an animal, like Joe, he was an animal which controls, not one which is controlled. He was master of any horse, and he carried himself with a well-tempered air of mastery. But he was not master of the situations of life. He pushed his coarse brown moustache upwards, off his lip, and glanced irritably at his sister, who sat impassive and inscrutable.
餐桌周圍也是一片無助的沉默。喬癱坐在椅子上,在家庭會議結束之前,他不想離開。第二個兄弟佛瑞德.亨利,他身材挺拔,手足勻稱,機靈敏捷。望著馬隊走過,他顯得更加鎮靜自若。如果他是個動物,像喬一樣,他也是個動物的領導者,而不是被領導的動物。他熟悉每一匹馬的習性,並能恰當合理控制自己的脾性。然而他也不是生活角逐中的勝利者,推了推唇上的棕色鬍子,不無惱火地看了他妹妹一眼。她坐在那裡,面無表情,令人難以捉摸。
'You'll go and stop with Lucy for a bit, shan't you?' he asked. The girl did not answer.
'I don't see what else you can do,' persisted Fred Henry.
'Go as a skivvy,' Joe interpolated laconically.
The girl did not move a muscle.
'If I was her, I should go in for training for a nurse,' said Malcolm, the youngest of them all. He was the baby of the family, a young man of twenty-two, with a fresh, jaunty museau.
「你將去和露西暫住一起,是吧?」他問到,但卻沒有得到回答。
「我覺得你什麼都做不了。」佛瑞德.亨利不肯善罷甘休。
「去做女傭得了。」喬橫插一杠。
「我是她啊,乾脆做個看護得了。」馬爾科姆也不甘寂寞,一副不通世故,洋洋得意的嘴臉。他是這個家裡最小的一個,只有22歲。
But Mabel did not take any notice of him. They had talked at her and round her for so many years, that she hardly heard them at all.
但瑪貝爾對他置若罔聞。他們在她周圍喋喋不休了這么多年,她壓根兒就沒當回事兒。
The marble clock on the mantel-piece softly chimed the half-hour, the dog rose uneasily from the hearthrug and looked at the party at the breakfast table. But still they sat on in ineffectual conclave.
'Oh, all right,' said Joe suddenly, a propos of nothing. 'I'll get a move on.'
半小時過去了,壁爐台上的大理石鍾輕輕地響了起來,爐前小地毯上的小獵狗不安的站了起來,張望著餐桌周圍的所有人。但他們仍坐在那裡,進行著那毫無進展的家庭會議。
「噢,好吧,」喬突然說道,a propos of nothing 「我活動活動。」
He pushed back his chair, straddled his knees with a downward jerk, to get them free, in horsy fashion, and went to the fire. Still he did not go out of the room; he was curious to know what the others would do or say. He began to charge his pipe, looking down at the dog and saying, in a high, affected voice:
'Going wi' me? Going wi' me are ter? Tha'rt goin' further than tha counts on just now, dost hear?'
他向後推了推椅子,為了舒活筋骨,他以馬步的姿勢叉開兩膝迅速蹲了下去,然後朝著壁爐走去。但他沒有離開這間屋子,他很想知道其他人會做些什麼或者說些什麼。他開始裝他的煙斗,低頭看著那條狗,以一種高昂卻又裝模作樣的聲音問到:
「跟我?還是跟他們?必須馬上作出決定,聽到沒有?」
The Horse Dealer's Daughter(three)(2008-09-09 17:49:04)標簽:雜談
The dog faintly wagged its tail, the man stuck out his jaw and covered his pipe with his hands, and puffed intently, losing himself in the tobacco, looking down all the while at the dog with an absent brown eye. The dog looked up at him in mournful distrust. Joe stood with his knees stuck out, in real horsy fashion.
小狗微微晃了晃尾巴。喬伸長下巴,用手蓋住了他的煙斗,狠狠的吸了一口,一直盯著小狗那迷離恍惚的眼神,他在煙霧中完全迷失了。小獵狗抬頭望著他,眼神里滿是令人神傷的疑惑。喬站在那裡,伸長的兩膝像極了馬的姿勢。
'Have you had a letter from Lucy?' Fred Henry asked of his sister.
「你收到露西的信了嗎?」佛瑞德.亨利問他妹妹。
'Last week,' came the neutral reply.
「上周收到的。」淡淡的回答。
'And what does she say?'
「她怎麼說?」
There was no answer.
沒有回答。
'Does she ask you to go and stop there?' persisted Fred Henry.
「她邀請你跟她一起住?」佛瑞德.亨利打破砂鍋問到底。
'She says I can if I like.'
「只要我願意。」
'Well, then, you'd better. Tell her you'll come on Monday.'
「那麼,這樣最好了。告訴他你星期一就去。」
This was received in silence.
沒有聲息。
'That's what you'll do then, is it?' said Fred Henry, in some exasperation.
「你就這種態度?」佛瑞德.亨利有些火了。
But she made no answer. There was a silence of futility and irritation in the room. Malcolm grinned fatuously.
仍然沒有回答。屋子裡安靜極了,充滿了徒勞無益和憤怒。馬爾科姆在那裡傻笑。
'You'll have to make up your mind between now and next Wednesday,' said Joe loudly, 'or else find yourself lodgings on the kerbstone.'
「從現在到下周三你必須作出決定。」喬大聲說到,「否則,自己露宿街頭。」
The face of the young woman darkened, but she sat on immutable.
霎時,瑪貝爾臉色陰沉,但她仍無動於衷。
'Here's Jack Fergusson!' exclaimed Malcolm, who was looking aimlessly out of the window.
「傑克.菲爾古森來了。」馬爾科姆叫了起來,他的望著窗外游移不定。
'Where?' exclaimed Joe, loudly.
「在哪?」喬大聲問道。
The Horse Dealer's Daughter(four)(2008-09-09 17:51:32)標簽:雜談
'Just gone past.'
「剛剛過去。」
'Coming in?'
「進來了?」
Malcolm craned his neck to see the gate.
馬爾科姆伸長脖子望著門口。
'Yes,' he said.
「嗯。」他答道。
There was a silence. Mabel sat on like one condemned, at the head of the table. Then a whistle was heard from the kitchen. The dog got up and barked sharply. Joe opened the door and shouted:
'Come on.'
又沒有聲息了。瑪貝爾坐在餐桌最前方,像個被審判者。不一會兒功夫,口哨聲在廚房那邊響起,小獵狗跳起來尖聲狂吠。喬打開門叫道:
「進來吧。」
After a moment a young man entered. He was muffled up in overcoat and a purple woollen scarf, and his tweed cap, which he did not remove, was pulled down on his head. He was of medium height, his face was rather long and pale, his eyes looked tired.
不一會兒一個年輕人進來了,厚厚的大衣將他包裹的嚴嚴實實,一條紫色羊毛披肩,一頂軟尼斜紋便帽罩在他頭上。他中等身材,相當長的面孔,蒼白的臉色,眼神看起來疲憊不堪。
'Hello, Jack! Well, Jack!' exclaimed Malcolm and Joe. Fred Henry merely said, 'Jack.'
「你好,傑克。」馬爾科姆和喬打了招呼。佛瑞德.亨利只是淡淡叫了聲「傑克」。
'What's doing?' asked the newcomer, evidently addressing Fred Henry.
「怎麼樣?」很明顯,傑克在問佛瑞德.亨利。
'Same. We've got to be out by Wednesday.--Got a cold?'
「老樣子,下周三我們就要滾蛋了。感冒了?」
'I have--got it bad, too.'
「嗯,糟透了。」
'Why don't you stop in?'
「怎麼不呆在家裡?」
'Me stop in? When I can't stand on my legs, perhaps I shall have a chance.' The young man spoke huskily. He had a slight Scotch accent.
「家裡?我的碰碰運氣,總得自食其力啊!」這個年輕人聲音沙啞,有點蘇格蘭口音。
'It's a knock-out, isn't it,' said Joe, boisterously, 'if a doctor goes round croaking with a cold. Looks bad for the patients, doesn't it?'
「優勝劣汰,是吧?」喬有點不著邊際,「一個醫生感冒了,到處傳染嘶啞的嗓音,這對病人來說可不大好,對吧?」
The young doctor looked at him slowly.
年輕醫生慢慢轉向他。
'Anything the matter with you, then?' he asked sarcastically.
「關你什麼事?」醫生語帶諷刺。
'Not as I know of. Damn your eyes, I hope not. Why?'
「當然不。狗咬呂洞賓,不識好人心,我可不想這樣,為何?」
'I thought you were very concerned about the patients, wondered if you might be one yourself.'
「我還以為你高尚無比呢,卻不知你只在乎你自己。」
'Damn it, no, I've never been patient to no flaming doctor, and hope I never shall be,' returned Joe.
「該死,不,我可從來不是冷漠醫生的病人,恐怕永遠不會。」喬反唇相譏。
At this point Mabel rose from the table, and they all seemed to become aware of her existence. She began putting the dishes together. The young doctor looked at her, but did not address her. He had not greeted her. She went out of the room with the tray, her face impassive and unchanged.
這是瑪貝爾站了起來,他們似乎到現在才意識到她的存在。她開始收拾桌上的餐具。年輕醫生看著她,但並沒有和她說話,他從來沒有和她說過話。她端著托盤離開了房間,臉上的表情一如既往。
'When are you off then, all of you?' asked the doctor.
「你們什麼時候離開,所有人?」醫生問道。
Ⅳ 長篇小說、短篇小說和微型小說有哪些主要區別
短篇小說則從幾千字到幾萬字。
長、中、短篇小說是以篇幅的飢物畝區分的,但是文學理論界卻從來沒有嚴格而統一的標准。以字數來說,長篇小說一般在幾十萬字以上,多的達幾百萬字;中篇小說則幾萬字到十幾萬字不等,有的達二十幾萬字;短篇小說則從幾千字到幾萬字,長的也會達到十幾萬字。
具體介紹
小說一般是根據作品的篇幅字數來區分長篇、中篇、短篇和微型小說。篇幅字數在一千字左右,兩千字以內的是微小說。在魏晉時期就有了篇幅短小類似於小說的名士軼聞。如今電子文化又催生了這爛森一體裁的普及化和大眾化,閱讀者的審美趣味也更加趨向於精短的短片閱讀。
微小說的寫作要求選材精粹,用一螞畢個場面、一件事情,或者是不同場面由一個物品或細節關聯。微小說講究高質量的寫人細節,生動地刻畫出人物的性格特徵。敘述上,要用簡潔的語言來敘述出一個完整並且有變化的故事。一般在結尾處製造意外結局,使作品的立意在讀者的頓悟中得到體味。
短篇小說在兩千字以上,三萬字以內。同樣取材於生活的橫截面,但相對於微小說,事件敘述的時空形態要復雜和豐滿。它要求在人物刻畫中集中藝術筆墨塑造一個性格側面相對完整的人物個性。敘述語言比較從容豐富,可有具體細致的人物生活環境描寫。
中篇小說在三萬字到十萬字之間,介於短篇和長篇之間,也兼有長短篇的長處。它可以描寫有一定歷史長度的縱橫斷面生活,也就是說,從多角度描寫一個典型性形象的系統性格,全方位的敘述一個小說人物的命運。它有長篇小說全景式和大容量,比長篇精煉、單純。所以在中篇小說里既有從容細致地描寫敘述,也要像短篇小說那樣進行簡潔巧妙的構思和布局。
篇幅在十萬字以上就是長篇了,它反映的縱斷面生活更加厚實。成功的長篇小說,不僅可以塑造一個、而且可以塑造多個典型人物。情節可以詭異多變,跌宕起伏,有著足夠篇章去描繪動人心扉的藝術力量。長篇可以有大段文字去寫特定的區域景物,也可以描述由復雜的人際關系構成的社會環境。