reunion短篇小說寫論文

⑴ 《針樅樹之鄉》簡介及片段翻譯心得_萬源市花萼鄉樅樹梁村

摘 要：朱厄特是美國鄉土文學的代表人物，她的《針樅樹之鄉》被認為是其最優秀的一部作品。美國20世紀初著名女作家威拉凱瑟對這部作品評價極高，稱它為與納撒尼爾霍桑的《紅字》和馬克·吐溫的《哈克貝里費恩歷險記》一起是並駕齊驅的三部美國小說傳世之作之一1。本文對朱厄特這位作者進行了簡單介紹，也對其的文字風格有簡單闡述，同時截取了此書的第19章節，講述了翻譯其的思路。
關鍵詞：朱厄特；女性視角；翻譯原則
[中圖分類號]：H059 [文獻標識碼]：A
[文章編號]：1002-2139(2012)-16-0-01
一、作者及其作品風格簡介
這段文字來自於小說「The Country of The Pointed Firs」的第十九章節，這部小說所熟知的中文譯名是《針樅樹之鄉》。該書的作者是美國女作家薩拉·奧納·朱厄特是美國鄉土文學的重要代表人物，她以新英格蘭地區的農村為背景進行文學創作，其作品以簡單、自然、優美、精緻的風格贏得贊譽。
《針樅樹之鄉》是一系列的小故事組成的，在一些文學評論家看來，這是朱厄特最成功的一部作品。這部作品結構鬆散，不僅僅被視為一部小說，而是一連串的短篇描寫，通過作品的外部環境和主題構成完整的結構。像朱厄特一樣，故事的敘述者也是一位單身女性，一位作者，女主角結束了有房東陪伴的日子，然後在一個空校舍繼續寫作，同時依舊花大量的時間陪伴她的好朋友托德夫人。2朱厄特的作品常被人批評沒有檔次，作品中沒有戰爭，沒有政治這些宏大的場面，因此被批評是低檔次的文學。但實際上她在作品中構建了一個以女性為文本創造者和文本中心的敘事結構， 從而打破了美國主流文化將男性作為創作主體、把女性作為文學作品中附屬物的角色模式3。19世紀男性作家的經典作品中常以主人公逃離文明社會作為反叛的方式， 與此相反，朱厄特的筆下是一群在已喪失了經濟活力的鄉村小鎮堅持生活下來的婦女。朱厄特是把女性作為生活的砥柱來描寫的。她塑造的女性角色身上實際上就有某些所謂的男性素質。但朱厄特更強調女性素質的優越， 強調女性在家庭和社會中不可取代的作用4。
二、翻譯過程
（1）"There was even more elaborate reading matter on an excellent early-apple pie which we began to share and eat， precept upon precept."中的"precept upon precept"中的precept 這個詞的本義是「戒律，格言，准則」。而precept upon precept 這個短語是出現在《以賽亞書（Isaiah 28:13）》中，「But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept， precept upon precept ; line upon line， line upon line; here a little， and there a little; that they might go， and fall backward， and be broken， and snared， and taken.」5在這里被翻譯為「命上加命，令上加令，律上加律，例上加例」。也出現在大衛貝德納先生（Elder David A. Bednar）的一篇演說中。這個短語是具有宗教色彩的，而在這里，我認為就是指大家有各種想法，不同的說道，反其道而行之，是沒有準則，沒有戒律的意思。因此我將它融入到前面的話一並翻譯了「七嘴八舌的討論哪種蘋果派更好」。
（2）"when the long faded garland of verses came to an appealing end，"翻譯時增詞「朗誦完」，「當女詩人朗誦完了一首詩歌之後，托德夫人便開始在我面前誇贊她。」
（3）"There were enough young persons at the reunion， but it is the old who really value such opportunities."用增詞，為了完整的說明為什麼上了歲數的人更加珍惜這種機會，我增加了一句話加以解釋「因為對於他們會面的機會是見一次少一次。」
（4）"This one， at least， had been very interesting. I fancied that old feuds had been overlooked， and the old saying that blood is thicker than water."使用歸化的原則，譯為「血濃於水」。
(5)所有的語句都有結構，從語義和交際的功能來看，每個語句都可以一分為二，即分為兩個部分：話題和述題（Topic和Comment）。當一個新的信息說出之後，就立刻變成為已知信息。作為一個已知信息，它由成為引起新信息的起點。如此不斷，可以由一系列圍繞一個題目的若干語句結成語段。這個連續性發展叫作主位——述位推進模式（theme-rheme patterns）。在翻譯過程中，我發現了這樣的段落。
" It must have been baked in sections， / in one of the last of the great brick ovens， / and fastened together on the morning of the day. / There was a general sigh when this fell into ruin at the feast"s end， / and it was shared by a great part of the assembly， / not without seriousness， / and as if it were a pledge and token of loyalty. "
這個語段是主位相同，述位不同。其中有的主位是沒有省略說明的。如下圖所示：
T1 R1
（T1） （R2）
（T1） （R3）
T1 R4
（T1） （R5）
譯文：「這個小餅屋是在那個很棒的磚制烤箱里一部分一部分烘烤的，然後在聚會的當天早上拼接在一起。在聚會結束時，這個姜餅屋倒了，變成了一堆餅干殘渣，大家都唏噓不已，然後便享用了姜餅，彷彿是姜餅的乞求。」
參考文獻：
[1]、 MATTHIESSENF. SarahOrne Jewett[M]. Boston: Houghton MifflinCompany， 1965 ；
[2]、_Country_of_the_Pointed_Firs ；
[3]、金莉: 《從尖尖的樅樹之鄉看朱厄特創作的女性視角》，載外國文學研究， 1999 (4）；
[4]、金莉. 《文學女性與女性文學: 19世紀美國女性小說家及作品》[M]. 北京: 外語教學與研究出版社， 2004: 271；
[5]、https://ebible.com/kjv/isaiah/28/13；

⑵ 用英語寫作文五十字

1. 英語作文50字帶翻譯

My favorite holiday is New Year, Chinese New Year we can eat mplings and a lot of good things to eat, but alsoReceive lucky money, parents will acpany us to the amusement park, parks,We are very happy New Year everyone likes, and I also like the Spring Festival. 我最喜歡的節日是春節，在春節我們可以吃餃子和很多好吃的東西，還可以收到壓歲錢父母還會帶我們去游樂園，公園，所有人都會很開心，所有人都喜歡春節，我也非常喜歡春節。

2. 英語作文,50字左右

WHY SHOULD WE STUDY ENGLISH 為什麼我們要學英文If you want to ask me why we should study English, my answer will be simple and clear. Now let me enumerate the reasons one by one in the following.In the first place, English has bee an international language. If you know English, you van make a trip round the world without being misunderstood.In the second place, most valuable books, newspapers and magazines are written in English. If you wish (hope) to get knowledge, you must learn English.如果你要問我們為什麼我們要學英文。

我的答復很簡單明了。現在讓我來把我的理由一一列舉在下面：英文已成為一種國際語言。

如果你通曉它，你可以環游世界不會被人誤解。大多數有價值的書籍，報紙和雜志都是用英文寫的。

如果你希望獲得知識，你必須學習英文。

3. 英語作文50字

Latern festival is one of my favorite festivals.My parents always take me to grandma's home to spend some time with them.We eat mplings together and we always have a great time!and in this Year's Lantern Festival,i also went to my grandparents' home.It seemed that they are happy to see me.then we went out to have a great meal.it was really cool!。

4. 初中英語作文50字左右 ,急用

Sat., Feb.6 Fine later cloudy A book exhibition Dropped in at National Library to see the National Book Exhibition which will close today.Suprised at the fact that so many kinds of books are published in our country.Thought the children's books with many pages of colorful illustrations were made very nicely.Bought a of the Chinese version of English and American Short Stories at a 20 per cent discount.Am going to read this through in this good season for reading. 書展 信步走到圖書館看即將在今天結束的全國書籍。

驚奇的是發現我們國家竟然出版了這么多種的書籍。我覺得富有多頁彩色插圖的兒童書籍印刷的相當精美。

我買了一本打八折的《英美短篇小說》中文版。我要在這讀書的好季節里將它讀完 -------------------------------------------- Sun.,Feb. 14 Rainy Spring Festival ,known as the Chinese New Year, is the most important holiday in China.From late January to early February,Chinese people are busy preparing for the New Year.They clean their houses ,have their hair cut,and buy new clothes .Jiaozi or mpling is most popular.To those who live far away from their home,this festival is also a framily reunion occasion. And they often go back home to celebrate the festival with their family.The first day of the new year is the time when people visit their friends adn wish each other good luck in the new year. 二月十四日 星期日 雨 春節，即中國人的新年，是中國最重要的節日。

從一月末到二月初人們忙著為新年做准備。他們打掃房屋、理發和買新衣服。

餃子是最受歡迎的。對那些遠離家鄉的人們，春節是一個合家團聚的時刻。

他們經常回家和家人歡度春節。新年第一天人們訪友並互祝新年好運。

5. 2012用英語寫的小作文50字

my favourite pet

i have got a pet.it is a dog. look at my dog.it is brown.it is *** all.it is fat.it is lovely.it can run fast.it can jump.it likes to eat bone and meat.i can play with my dog.do you like my pet?i like my pet best.

6. 英語作文 50字

Jane is an English girl. She lives in China now.She likes Beijing Opear .Because is interesting. And she likes Chinese action movies .Beause action movies can learn about chinese history.She often watches Beijing Oprea 's pictures at home on weekends.So.She loves China very much.希望能幫上你！加油喲。

7. 用英語寫一篇50字左右的作文.介紹中國的特色食物（餃子）用上：傳

Different countries have different food.In China ,there are many kinds of traditional food,like seafood,In Spring Festival ,we usually eat mplings ,There are cabbages and meat in it.some of them are broccoli,and others are leeks.In China ,every family likes mplings very much ,Eating mplings is also a important costom .Chinese people think it brings good luck。

8. 課後輔導用英語寫作文50字

On Parents Sending Kids to Training Classes

關於家長送孩子參加培訓班

It is quite mon phenomenon that many parents will bring their children to all kinds of classes as long as their children have weekends or holidays.This kind of situation has been hot discussed among public.Some people hold that children deserve to have play time as much as possible.Some believe that children should learn as much as possible since they have strong ability to grasp new knowledge.Standing on my point of view,I'm convinced that children should be sent to training class to learn as much as possible so that they can be more brilliant.

現在，許多家長會趁孩子們周末或者放假的時候帶他們去參加各種各樣的培訓班的現象已經很普遍.這種現象引起了公眾的熱議.一些人認為孩子們應該有盡可能多的時間去玩.一些人認為孩子們應該趁他們這個年紀學習能力很強的時候去多學習一些新知識.就我看來，我認為應該送孩子們學多點兒知識，這樣一來，他們會更加聰明.

Firstly,training class can broaden children's knowledge.For almost all children,they have very limited knowledge.But if they are sent to training class,they can learn various knowledge of life.

第一，培訓班能開拓孩子們的視野.對於幾乎所有的小孩來說，他們的知識有限.但是如果送他們到培訓班學習的話，他們會學到有關生活的各種知識.

Secondly,training class helps children to improve their skills.Nowadays,there are many kinds of training agents for children to train children a certain kind of skill.For example,a great number of parents will send their children to dance class.In this kind of class,not only children can learn dance skills,but they can practice themselves at the same time.

第二，培訓班能夠幫助小孩子們提高技能.現在，有各種各樣的培訓機構專門培訓小孩子某一方面的技能.例如，許多家長會送自己的小孩子去學舞蹈.這樣的課程不僅能讓孩子們學會跳舞，並且也能夠鍛煉他們的身體.

Thirdly,children can be more outstanding in the future pared with those who don't attend training class.Kids learn more skills will be more flexible and *** art than those who never attend training classes in doing certain kinds of things.

第三，與那些不參加培訓課的孩子們相比，參加過培訓課的小孩子們在將來會更優秀.在做某種特定的事情的時候，那些擁有多重技能的孩子會比那些沒有參加過培訓課的小孩子更加靈活、聰明.

All in all,sending kids to training classes will do a lot of good to children's future.

總之，送小孩子去參加培訓課對他們的將來很有幫助.